Guide for International Students on OPT, STEM OPT, and CPT Hat

⚠️ Disclaimer:
U.S. immigration and work authorization rules (including CPT, OPT, and STEM OPT) are subject to change based on federal regulations and policy updates. This guide is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. Students must regularly check official sources such as the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) website and consult their university’s Designated School Official (DSO) or a qualified immigration attorney to ensure compliance with the latest requirements.

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It's exciting to study in the U.S., but getting permission to work can be hard. Here's a simple explanation.

CPT (Curricular Practical Training) – Work While You Learn
When? While you are getting your degree.
An internship or job that is directly related to your field of study.
Part-time (less than 20 hours a week) during semesters.
Full-time (more than 20 hours a week) during the summer or on breaks.
Your school's Designated School Official (DSO) must approve it, and it must be on your I-20.
You can choose how long you want to do it, but if you do full-time CPT for more than 12 months, you can't get OPT.
While you're still in school, think of CPT as your "internship authorization."

OPT (Optional Practical Training) – Work After You Graduate
When? After you get your degree (or sometimes before, which is called Pre-OPT).
Most degrees take 12 months to finish.
Must be directly related to your major.
You can apply up to 90 days before graduation and no later than 60 days after. Approval usually takes two to three months.
OPT is the "bridge" that takes you from being a student to being a professional.

STEM OPT Extension: 24 more months for STEM majors
Only people with a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) degree can apply.
24 months added to the first 12 months of OPT, for a total of 36 months.
Must be registered with E-Verify (not all companies are).
The student and the employer must fill out Form I-983.
You can apply up to 90 days before your OPT ends.
STEM OPT gives you two extra years if your major qualifies.

Use CPT (internships) while you're in school. Year 1 after graduation, Use OPT (12 months) If you have a STEM degree, you can use STEM OPT for two years and three years.

Do unpaid internships count?
Yes, as long as they are related to your major and you can prove it.

Is it possible to switch jobs while on OPT/STEM OPT?
Yes, but the jobs must still be in your field. Always update SEVIS about your new job.

Is it possible for me to work from home?
Yes, you can work from home if it fits with your degree and the employer meets the requirements.

Does every employer qualify for STEM OPT?
No, only employers who are signed up for E-Verify. Before you accept an offer, check.

Jobs that are allowed
Jobs that pay full-time or part-time.
Work on a contract basis.
Startups (if they are legally registered and have a structured training plan).
Volunteer or unpaid jobs (if they meet the requirements of the field).

Pro Tip: Think of CPT, OPT, and STEM OPT as three steps to get to where you want to go:
CPT → Helps you study by giving you practice.
OPT: Helps you get ready for work after you graduate.
STEM OPT gives you time to get long-term sponsorship, like an H-1B.